Allergies affect millions of people worldwide, causing runny noses, itchy eyes, sneezing, and more. Allergy medications can relieve these symptoms, and there are several options available. Here's what you need to know about the types of allergy medications and how they work.
Antihistamines: These medications block histamine, a chemical that is released during an allergic reaction, causing symptoms like itching, swelling, and redness. Oral antihistamines are available over-the-counter or by prescription and come in pills or liquids. Antihistamine nasal sprays and eyedrops are also available by prescription. Some antihistamines can cause drowsiness, so it's essential to read labels and be cautious when taking them.
Decongestants: These medications relieve nasal and sinus congestion, but they are not recommended for people with high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, or hyperthyroidism. Oral decongestants are available over-the-counter and in combination with antihistamines in prescription allergy medications. Nasal decongestant sprays and drops provide quick relief but should not be used for more than three consecutive days.
Corticosteroids: These medications suppress inflammation caused by allergies. Nasal corticosteroid sprays relieve nasal congestion, sneezing, and runny nose. They are available over-the-counter and by prescription. Corticosteroid inhalers are used to treat asthma triggered by allergies and are available by prescription only. Corticosteroid eyedrops relieve itchy and watery eyes and are available by prescription.
Allergy medications are available in different forms, including pills, liquids, nasal sprays, eyedrops, inhalers, and skin creams. Some medications are available over-the-counter, while others require a prescription. It's essential to read labels carefully, follow instructions, and speak with your doctor or pharmacist before starting a new medication.
Allergies can be a nuisance, but with the right medication, you can find relief. There are several options available, and each works differently. Antihistamines block histamine, decongestants relieve nasal and sinus congestion, and corticosteroids suppress inflammation. By understanding the types of allergy medications and how they work, you can make informed decisions and find the right treatment for your allergies.